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||  || Dino Dictionary ​ Dinosaur/ Dinosauria: The word dinosaur means terrible lizard in Greece. These creatures have lived many million years ago. Some are carnivores and some are herbivores. This group was named by Sir Richard Owen. Paleontology: The science of the forms of the life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossils/ bones. Extinct: Something that no longer lives on earth. Their fossils have been buried somewhere deep in the earth. Fossil: Something thats turned into rock. They are only things that represents dinosaurs. Scientists are trying to find them. Another word for it is bone or cast. Cropolite: Cropolite is dinosaur droppings that have been fossilized. Sauropod: The group that long necks belong to. They dominated the earth during Jurassic and Cretaceous. Stampede: A stampede is a type of disaster when dinosaurs run out of control and run everywhere. Hadrosaurs: The group that duck-billed dinosaurs belong to. Theropod/ Theropoda: The group that meat eating dinosaurs belong to. It includes giant meat eaters and Oviraptorsaurs. They lived through the whole of Jurassic and Cretaceous and a bit of Triassic. Ancestors: An animal that has a similiar body shape to a modern day animal or dinosaur. Cannibals: Dinosaurs that eat their own species. Equipped: Packed with or having something. Supercontinent: A supercontinent is continents that are all joined together. Example: Pangaea (meaning entire earth in Greek.) Prosauropod: Prosauropods were sauropod-like dinosaurs that lived during the Triassic and early Jurassic. They were the ancestors of the sauropods. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Crater: The hole that a meteorite/meteor formed when it hit the Earth. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Lizard hipped/Saurischia: The group where dinosaurs that have the hip of a lizard belongs to: Sauropods, Theropods. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Bird Hipped/Ornithiscia: The group where the dinosaurs that have the hip of a bird belongs to: Hadrosaurs, Ornithopods. <span style="color: #3c8de7; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Mesozoic Era/ Age of Reptiles The three periods in the mesozoic age or era are: **<span style="color: #ff9214; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Triassic ** starting at 248-208 million years ago, **<span style="color: #13fb19; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Jurassic ** starting at 208-146 million years ago and **<span style="color: #ff33aa; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cretaceous ** starting at 146-65 million years ago. The mesozoic age or era was also know as the Age of Reptiles. Some dinosaurs died out while others emerged. The Mesozoic Era belonged to the eon Phanezoic. There are some eras or eons known. They include Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Protozoic and Archaean. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|mesozoic-era.jpg] <span style="color: #ff9214; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">​Triassic During the early Triassic period, all of the Earth's continents were joined together into a supercontinent called Pangaea. The climate was very hot and dry with strong seasonality. Small fast running dinosaurs emerged for the first time. The first tiny nocturnal mammals(mammals that are active during the night) developed. Ferns, glossopteris,cycads, horsetails and early gymnosperms(conifers) appeared during the mesozoic. Most dinosaurs that appeared during this period was not as large as the dinosaurs that appeared in the other periods. This is one of the only periods the prosauropods lived in. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Late_Triassic_Globe.jpg] <span style="color: #13fb19; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Jurassic It was wet so more plants grew and more long necks came. During the middle of the Jurassic period, Pangaea started to break apart into Laurasia where one of the first dinosaurs lived and Gondwana. The climate of this time was much better. It was still hot and dry with strong seasonality at first, but then changing to warm and moist and no polar iceand vast flood areas. More dinosaurs includind the very big ones roamed the earth, and pterosaurs flew. Archaeopteryx (ar-key-op-ter-ix) were developed. This was also the time when the famous Stegosaurus and Allosaurus lived. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Jurassic_globe.jpg] <span style="color: #f42acf; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Cretaceous This was the last period before the dinosaurs got all extinct. This time, the continental drift continued at fast pace, with accompanying volcanic activity. The continents almost had their modern day look. The climates were much more improved. The temperatures were warm, seasonality was low, and global sea levels were high(no polar ice!) at the beginning of this period. Later on, sea levels dropped, seasonality increased, and there were greater extremes in temperature between the poles and the equator. During that period, dinosaurs were flourish. Flowering plants (angiosperms) spread, displacing conifers and others from the Jurassic period.One dinosaur had a bony head such as a Pachycephalosaurus(pak-ee-seff-a-low-saw-rus) had a name meaning thick-headed reptile. This creature lived about 70 million years ago. Much larger dinosaurs appeared during the period like the Carcharodontosaurus (meaning greak white shark lizard) and the Giganotosaurus (giant southern lizard) At the end of Mesozoic which is 65 million years ago, a major extinction occured. Cretaceous was largest geoligical period in the Mesozoic era. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Cretaceous_globe.jpg] <span style="color: #7d13f1; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">First Dinosaurs One of the first dinosaurs was Achaeopteryx. This dinosaur was a bird-like creature, the length was 35 centimetres, had a long reptile tail and fed on fish. A few meat eaters emerged during Triassic. Nearly all the dinosaurs were small during this time. Some examples are Herarasaurus and Eoraptor. The long necks/ sauropods did not had really long necks that could reach trees. There were some spinosaur like creatures during the Paleozoic Era. They first appeared during the Permian period. (the period before Triassic. Lasts for 41 million years. 286 million years ago to 245 million years ago.) <span style="color: #bbf519; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Land Dinosaurs Most of the dinosaurs that lived had lived on land. There were two types of dinosaurs: Lizard -hipped dinosaurs and Bird-hipped dinosaurs. One of the fastest running dinosaurs were called Galimimus which some were 3 metres and some 70 centimetres. One of the most popular meat eaters known was the Tyrannosaurus or T-Rex for short. The Tyrannosaurus was 12 metres tall and was judged that it was the biggest meat eater before the discovery that Gigantnotosaurus which was 15 metres tall and Carcharodontosaurus which was 14 metres tall. Giganotosaurus can attempt to jump and grab the long necks. Some dinosaurs had bony plates on their backs such as the Stegosaurus One of the smallest carnivourous dinosaurs were the Eoraptor which was only 1 metre tall. The world's smallest dinosaur was only 24cm. It was called the Scipionyx. Other dinosaurs such as the long necks ate plants during the Mesozoic Era/Age. The most popular long necks were the Brontosaurus or Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus and the Diplodocus. The biggest long necks were 50 metres long. These long neks belong to a group called sauropods. Sauropods can stand on their hind legs to make them taller. Sauropod teeth were different depending on the species it belongs to. Some dinosaurs also had bony heads such as the Stegoceras and the Colepiochephale. There was a bony head dinosaur called Pachycephalosaurus. some dinosaurs had strange heads such as the triceratops known for the three horns on it's head, the Chirostenotes (ky-row-sten-oh-teez), the Tsintaosaurus (sint-ow-saw-rus) and the Lambeosaurus (lam-bee-oh-saw-rus.) One of the first dinosaurs to be discovered was the Iguanodon. Some dinosaurs had bright colours, runs fast and had feathers like the Velociraptor, Dromaeosaurus, Unenlagia, Saurornitholestes and Utahraptor. Some dinosaurs also had cousins like the Tarbosaurus who is the close cousin of the Tyrannosaurus. People are wondering if dinosaurs were dangerous. If the land dinosaurs lived today, we would die too early and our homes and construction sites will be destroyed because of the carnivourous dinosaurs. Also, if the herbivorous dinosaurs lived today, they would eat all the plants and so that we can't survive. <span style="color: #00fff5; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Airborne Dinosaurs (Non Dinosaurs) These flying creatures were called the Pterosaurs. The most popular one was called the Pteranodon. One similiar looking one was the Pterydactyl ( tery-dact-te-yull) except that it didn't had a crest. Also, the one with the biggest wingspan was the huge Quetzalcoatlus (feathered serpent) and was also named after a god of the Aztec people of South America. All pterosaurs had four fingers on each hand. The Rhamphorhynchus was equipped with long, spiky, forward-pointing teeth which is used to catch impale fish in its barbed jaws. Pterosaurs have shared ancestors because a small reptile with an S-shaped neck called Lagosuchus ( name means rabbit crocodile) may have been the forefather of both pterosaurs and dinosaurs. This would mean that both Archaeopteryx and pterosaurs were related. <span style="color: #672323; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Underwater Dinosaurs (Non Dinosaurs) Underwater dinosaurs have swam in the seas of the earth. The most popular ones were the plesiosaurus.These had a long neck neck and was like a turtle but it had no shell. But some underwater dinosaurs did not have a long neck such as the Ichythosaurus (ich-the-o-saw-rus) and the Mosasaurus (mosa-a-saw-rus). This dinosaur wsa found in New Zealand. Most of these underwater creatures are fish-eaters. Some have the body of a seal and the head of a crocodile such as the Kronosaurus, Dolichorhynchops, Liopleurodon and the Peloneustes. The Muraenosaurus and the Crytoclidus both nearly look exactly like each other and the Plesiosaurus. One of the biggest plesiosaurus were the Liopleurodon which was 25 metres. <span style="color: #b300ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="color: #b039f3; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="color: #e629f5; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Breeding All dinosaurs laid shelled eggs that were waterproof in the past. But some dinosaurs like the Ornitholestes, Sauronitholestes and Oviraptor likes to eat the eggs of bird-like creatures. Others like to steal the eggs and take it to somewhere far and eat the egg. Sometimes, they might even take the developing dinosaur and eat it. Very rarely, dinosaurs might just eat the eggs straight from the nest!! Some dinosaurs fight with the owner and if it wins, it eats the egg. Also eggs were fossilized right now. One dinosaur called the Maiasaura, has a name meaning "good mother reptile." Some dinosaurs even ate their own babies! Also, if scientists couldn't find fossils of dinosaurs, they can use the fossilized egg to prove that dinosaurs really existed. <span style="color: #5b3410; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Dinosaurs Habitat Each dinosaur lived on its own place. Some lived with each other while some others may belong to the same species and separate. For example the Carcharodontosaurus and the Giganotosaurus. They were both the same species, Allosaurs. When they separated during Jurassic and Pangaea broke up, they both started to grow differently. One dinosaur called the Atlaseopcosaurus was found in Dinosaur Cove, Victoria, Australia. Some dinosaurs were even found in Antarctica but none were found in the North Pole. <span style="color: #a09ce2; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Dinosaurs Diet and Habit Each group of dinosaurs had different diets. The theropods were always hunting for herbivores and was always attacking. Meanwhile, the peaceful long necks ate only plants and stayed calm unless a theropod was attacking. Theropods are very vicious and terrible. Sometimes a group of small theropods can hunt in groups and share their meal. Herbivores can defend themselves with their armoured skin, their tail, their plates and their speed. The giant theropods have very little chance trying to catch smaller dinosaurs because they can run faster than them. <span style="color: #0f8046; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Disasters/Stampedes or Problems One of the famous stampedes was called the Winton stampede held in Queensland, Australia. This event took place during the Late Cretaceous period, 85 million years ago. There were one enormous one that walked in one way and two little ones that ran everywhere. One of the dinosaurs in it was the Tyrannosaurus.<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Dinosaurs footprints] The main disaster is the mass extinction(look below for more details). <span style="color: #75fff0; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="color: #33ffb4; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Mass Extinction The extinction of dinosaurs which happened at the end of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago was very mysterious. There have been lots of theories which might tell why dinosaurs had died out. One of them is that the climate of the Earth changed to very cold weather and the dinosaurs couldn't survive the cold and died out. The second theory says that during 65 million years ago, a meteor crashed onto earth and the dinosaurs could not no longer survive. The third theory says that a volcano made a massive eruption and the dinosaurs had died out because scientists suggests that there was a lot of volcanic activity happening during the end of the Cretaceous period. Scientists are still trying to work out why dinosaurs had died out. The extinction occured very unexpectedly. Other non dinosaurs like Sarochus (Supercrocs) also got extinct when the dinosaurs were extinct. Very few mammals, insects, birds and reptiles have survived. Other theories suggests that dinosaurs probably died out because of the new flowering plants which poisoned them. The meteor formed a crater at Mexico. The name of it was Chixiclub (chix-sic-club) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|meteor_hitting_earth.jpg] <span style="color: #9a9898; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Fossils Fossils are the only things that represent the dinosaurs. Fossils are the bones that have turned into rock and have hardened. Fossils are like a time capsule because they tell you what dinosaurs looked like, what they ate and are their cannibals or not. Sometimes, you can find a dinosaur fossil in your garden or a fossil of an ancient creature like the fossil of a snail. If you find it, try work out what part is each. The dinosaurs eggs have also hardened into rocks. Some people are trying to dig for some fossils. In some museums, it has dinosaur fossils and dinosaur bones. When scientists find fossils, scientists use a special type of brush in order to brush out the dust very gently otherwise, the whole skeleton breaks. One other thing that scientists might have been trying to find is Coprolite. One of the rarest things that scientists have ever found are cannibals. More dinosaur fossils have been found in North America than any other country in the world. There was once a fight called the "Bones War." Marsh and Cope were trying to outdo each other. During this time, there was only seven species of dinosaurs in North America. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Dinosaurs Fossils] <span style="color: #ff33aa; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Evolving Some of the dinosaurs started evolving into the animals that we see today. The plesiosaurs and the pliosaurs evolved into the underwater animals we see, some dinosaur experts believe that small meat eaters or theropods grew wings and feathers and becoming the birds that we see now. There was some prehistoric mammals that lived during the age of the dinosaurs. Dinosaurs also had to be careful of just not predators but reptiles as well. After the dinosaus and prehistoric reptiles died out, mammals started roaming the earth starting at about 55 million years ago during the Teritiary period until the first people lived which was about 2 million years ago during the Quartenary period. The Earth's large forests also died out and grassland began to grow instead. Some of the dinosaurs have been replaced by other creatures like the pterosaurs were replaced by bats like the Icaronycteris. Some animals had ancestors for example the ancestors of the elephants we see today is the Amebelodon. Some prehistoric animals looked smiliar to the modern day animals like how the Synthetoceras looks like the deers we see. Some of the mammals moved to live in the seas. Later on, they evolved into whales. It takes hundreds and hundreds of years for an animal to evolve into another. All the creatures have probably evolved into an animal. The only dinosaurs (not exactly) that lives today are the birds (they were the descendants of dinosaurs). <span style="color: #37aaf1; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Dino Links <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] [|Dinosaurs facts] <span style="color: #376737; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Dinosaurs for kids] [|The Age Of Dinosaurs] [|42 Explore Dinosaurs] [|Dinosaur History] <span style="color: #165383; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Videos These videos might help you with your learning about dinosaurs. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|Are Dinosaurs related to Birds?] [|Dinosaurs song] [|Stegosaurus smelling predators] [|History of the Dinosaurs]
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<span style="color: #768000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">My Documents <span style="color: #7c7422; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;"> (Pictures and things made by me)media type="custom" key="4632602" align="right" width="90" height="91" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> [|bubblus_Dinosaurs(5).jpg] [|Did Dinosaurs Really Existed.ppt] [|5 questions that have the answer Mesozoic Age.doc] [|Dinosaurs DeBono Chart.doc] [|Attribute Listing.doc] [|Commonality.doc] [|Discrepancy.doc] [|Skills of Search.doc] [|Ridiculous] [|Paradox.doc] [|Examples of Change.doc] <span style="color: #8fd3ef; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Images <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[|e~tasc_logo.gif] [|Timeline_3.gif] [|Cladogram of dinosaurs] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> media type="custom" key="4904305"